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Pencak Silat (; sometimes spelled ''penchak silat'' or ''pentjak silat'' in Western writings) is an umbrella term for a class of related martial arts originating in the Nusantara. It is a full-body fighting form incorporating strikes, grappling and throwing in addition to weaponry. Every part of the body is used and subject to attack. Pencak silat was practiced not only for physical defense but also for psychological ends.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Black Belt Magazine )〕 The leading organization of pencak silat in Indonesia is IPSI (''Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia'', meaning Pencak Silat Association of Indonesia). The liaison body for international pencak silat is the International Pencak Silat Association or PERSILAT (''Persekutuan Pencak Silat Antara Bangsa''). ==Etymology== Although the word ''silat'' is widely known through much of South East Asia, the term ''pencak silat'' is used mainly in Indonesia. Pencak silat was chosen in 1948 as a unifying term for the Indonesian fighting styles. It was a compound of the two most commonly used words for martial arts in Indonesia. ''Pencak'' was the term used in central and east Java, while ''silat'' was used in Sumatra and Borneo. In modern usage, pencak and silat are seen as being two aspects of the same practice. Pencak is the essence of training, the outward aspect of the art which a casual observer is permitted to witness as performance. Silat is the essence of combat and self-defense, the true fighting application of the techniques which are kept secret from outsiders and not divulged to students until the guru deems them ready. It is often said by practitioners that silat cannot exist without pencak, on the other hand pencak without silat skills is purposeless. The origin of the words ''pencak'' and ''silat'' have not been proven. Some believe that pencak comes from the Sanskrit word ''pancha'' meaning five, or from the Chinese ''pencha'' meaning to avert or deflect. Other terms may be used in particular dialects such as ''silek'', ''penca'', ''mancak'', ''maen po'' or ''main-po''. Dutch East Indian newspapers of the colonial era recorded the terms for martial arts under Dutch spellings. These include ''silat'', ''pencak'' (spelled in Dutch as "pentjak"), ''penca'' ("pentjah"), ''mancak'' ("mentjak"), ''manca'' ("mentjah"), and ''pukulan'' ("poekoelan").〔Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië 20-02-19〕 In 1881 a magazine calls mancak a Batak fencing game "with long swords, daggers or wood (''mentjah'')"〔, UITGEGEVEN DOOE HET BATAVIAASCH GENOOTSCHAP VAN KUNSTEN EN WETENSCHAPPEN. ONDEB BEDAGTIE VAN J. E. ALBBECHT. EN D. GEBTH VAN WIJK. Deel XXVI. BATAVIA, W. BEIUNINO & Co. 1881.〕 These papers described mancak as Malayan (''Maleidsche'') suggesting that the word originates in Sumatra.〔Sumatra-courant : nieuws- en advertentieblad 23-11-1872〕 These terms were used separately from silat in the Dutch East Indies.〔Bataviaasch nieuwsblad 24-04-1928〕 The terms ''pukulan'' or ''main pukulan'' (spelled "maen poekoelan" in Dutch) referred to the fighting systems of Jakarta but was also used generally for the martial arts of other parts of Indonesia such as Sumatra and Lombok.〔 Believed to be a Betawi term, it derives from the words for play (''main'') and hit (''pukulan''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pencak Silat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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